Windows:
To access an application menu bar or ribbon, press and release:
ALT.
To move between open applications:
Press Alt + Tab.
If you have several applications open:
Keep the Alt key held down while pressing the tab key you will cycle between all the applications on your task bar.
To open the start menu press and release :
the Windows Key.
For Windows help, press :
F1.
To exit an application press :
ALT+F4.
To display a context menu for a selected item press :
the APPLICATIONS key or SHIFT+F10.
The applications key is the third key to the right of the space bar, pressing this key is the same thing as doing a right mouse click.
To activate the properties dialog press :
ALT+ENTER.
To maximize a window:
Press: Alt + Spacebar then press X
More Windows commands:
Switch between open windows
Alt + Tab
Minimize/restore all but the active window
Windows key + Home
Minimize all windows
Windows key + M
Maximize window
Windows key + up-arrow
Minimize/restore window
Windows key + down-arrow
Make all windows transparent so you can see the desktop
Windows key + spacebar
Dock window to left or right half of screen
Windows key + left- or right-arrow
Zoom in/out
(In the default view, you must zoom in before zooming out.)
Windows key + plus/minus sign
Lock screen
Windows key + L
Open Run dialog
Windows key + R
Open Search box
Windows key + F
Open Windows Explorer to computer
Windows key + E
Expand Folders view in Win Explorer to show where you are
Control + Shift + E
Go up a level in Windows Explorer
Alt + up-arrow
Choose display mode/switch monitors
(Especially useful for presenters or dual-monitor users)
Windows key + P
Launch apps pinned to the Taskbar
(1 is the left-most app; Windows Key+T cycles through all apps.) Windows key + (number 1-9)
Cycle through Gadgets
Windows key + G
Rotate a picture clockwise
(Or use comma for counterclockwise)
Control + period
Use Control-click to select the pictures in a folder you need to rotate, then rotate them all at once.
Turn Sticky Keys on and off
Press Shift five times
Although keyboard shortcuts can be real time-savers, sometimes it’s hard to press multiple keys at once, (especially while you’re eating a sandwich or holding your phone in one hand). The Windows Sticky Keys feature lets you press one key at a time as you enter a shortcut. You can turn on Sticky Keys permanently by using the Control Panel’s Ease of Access Center options.
Turn Mouse Keys on and off
Left-Alt + left-Shift + Num Lock The Windows Mouse Keys feature is a really useful shortcut that lets you control the cursor with the arrow keys on your numeric keypad. Like Sticky Keys, it can be turned on permanently in the Control Panel’s Ease of Access Center. This gesture turns you into a true keyboard jockey.
Document navigation: Document navigation:
Windows:
To access an application menu bar or ribbon, press and release:
ALT.
To move between open applications:
Press Alt + Tab.
If you have several applications open:
Keep the Alt key held down while pressing the tab key you will cycle between all the applications on your task bar.
To open the start menu press and release :
the Windows Key.
For Windows help, press :
F1.
To exit an application press :
ALT+F4.
To display a context menu for a selected item press :
the APPLICATIONS key or SHIFT+F10.
The applications key is the third key to the right of the space bar, pressing this key is the same thing as doing a right mouse click.
To activate the properties dialog press :
ALT+ENTER.
To maximize a window:
Press: Alt + Spacebar then press X
More Windows commands:
Switch between open windows
Alt + Tab
Minimize/restore all but the active window
Windows key + Home
Minimize all windows
Windows key + M
Maximize window
Windows key + up-arrow
Minimize/restore window
Windows key + down-arrow
Make all windows transparent so you can see the desktop
Windows key + spacebar
Dock window to left or right half of screen
Windows key + left- or right-arrow
Zoom in/out
(In the default view, you must zoom in before zooming out.)
Windows key + plus/minus sign
Lock screen
Windows key + L
Open Run dialog
Windows key + R
Open Search box
Windows key + F
Open Windows Explorer to computer
Windows key + E
Expand Folders view in Win Explorer to show where you are
Control + Shift + E
Go up a level in Windows Explorer
Alt + up-arrow
Choose display mode/switch monitors
(Especially useful for presenters or dual-monitor users)
Windows key + P
Launch apps pinned to the Taskbar
(1 is the left-most app; Windows Key+T cycles through all apps.) Windows key + (number 1-9)
Cycle through Gadgets
Windows key + G
Rotate a picture clockwise
(Or use comma for counterclockwise)
Control + period
Use Control-click to select the pictures in a folder you need to rotate, then rotate them all at once.
Turn Sticky Keys on and off
Press Shift five times
Although keyboard shortcuts can be real time-savers, sometimes it’s hard to press multiple keys at once, (especially while you’re eating a sandwich or holding your phone in one hand). The Windows Sticky Keys feature lets you press one key at a time as you enter a shortcut. You can turn on Sticky Keys permanently by using the Control Panel’s Ease of Access Center options.
Turn Mouse Keys on and off
Left-Alt + left-Shift + Num Lock
The Windows Mouse Keys feature is a really useful shortcut
that lets you control the cursor with the arrow keys on your numeric keypad.
Like Sticky Keys, it can be turned on permanently in the Control Panel’s Ease
of Access Center. This gesture turns you into a true keyboard jockey.
Document navigation:
Top of file:
Control + home
Bottom of file:
Control + end
Next page:
Control + page down
Previous page:
Control + page up
Navigate by word
Control + right arrow:
Word:
Create a new document
control + N
Open an existing document
control + O
Save a document
control + S
Print a document
control + P
Undo the last edit command
control + Z
Cut the selected text to the clipboard
control + X
Copy the selected text to the clipboard
control + C
Paste text from the clipboard into a document
control + V
Select the entire document
control + A
Search for specific words or phrases
control + F
Find and replace specific words or phrases
control + H
Go to a specific line paragraph or page
control + G
Center text
control + E
Left justify text
control + L
Right justify text
control + R
Justify text
control + J
Change the point size of the font
control + shift + P
Delete the current word
control + delete
Delete the previous word
control + backspace
Bold text
control + B
Italicize text
control + I
Underline text
control + U
Check spelling or grammar
F7
Name and save a document
F12
Removing Protection:
Disabling Protected View In Word:
To remove protection from a document you receive via email, press ALT + F + I + E.
Disabling Protected View In Word:
1. Open Word and pressALT F to open the backstage view.
2. Press T to open the options category list.
3. Down arrow to the “Trust Center” tab.
4. Press Tab or Shift/Tab until you reach “Microsoft Trust Center Settings…” and press enter.
5. You will be placed into another category list view. Down arrow to “Protection” and then tab to each checkbox you want to disable. Press spacebar to uncheck the checkbox.
6. Press tab until you reach “OK” and press enter.
Inserting a table of contents:
Types:
When accessing the table of contents option within the reference tab, you will find three table types. They are Automatic Table One, Automatic Table 2, and Manual Table. When you choose either table 1 or table 2, the table will be automatically constructed as the name suggests. These are setup in conjunction with the headings of each section. If you choose to construct a manual table of contents, then they will not be linked to the headings. You will have to type into the table of contents the individual chapter/headings along with their page numbers. There is also a couple of options called “Insert a table of contents…” or “Customize a Table of Contents” depending on which version of Word you are using. Within this dialog are several options. One in particular is the option to create a table of contents in the form of an outline. Also in this dialog is the ability to turn off the links in a table, to select from different templates, and choose from dot patterns/effects. As a blind user, I would suggest using the automatic options because of the in ability to see the visual alignments of these other options.
Headings:
To construct an automatic table of contents, you have to designate sections with a heading. A heading is a line of text whose attributes are changed to a distinctive font style which distinguishes it from ordinary text. It also allows the ability to quickly navigate to the different sections within the document. To create a heading, you can either access the styles pane or use a hot key command. You can access the style pane by pressing CTRL/Shift/S. Select the line of text to change and then use the up and down arrow keys to find the Heading option you want. Press enter on the option to make the change. Press F6 and Shift/F6 to move back and forth between the document pane and the style pane. You can designate a heading to a specific priority. For example, Heading 1, Heading 2, etc. You can alternatively use a hot key command to create a heading. Press CTRL/ALT/1 to create a Heading one. Type in the text you want for the heading and then move the arrow keys up or down to complete the heading. Press CTRL/ALT/2 for heading 2, etc.
Creating a Table of Contents:
1. Locate the cursor where you want the table to be.
2. Press ALT/S to open the references tab.
3. You should be on the table of contents option. Press enter.
4. Use the arrow keys to select either Automatic Table 1 or Automatic Table 2. Press enter and the table is created.
Links:
Once the table has been created, within the table will be a set of links which will move focus to a particular heading when activated. To activate the link with JAWS, first move focus to the link. Press Insert/NumPad minus. Then press CTRL/NumPad slash. Focus will move to the heading. Press NumPad plus to activate the PC cursor. You should be on the heading. If you do not want these links to be present within the table of contents, you can turn them off by returning to the reference tab and opening the customize the table option.
Updating the Table:
To update the table of contents, Press the application key and down arrow to the option called “Update the field.” Press enter on this option and you will be presented with two radio buttons. You can either update page numbers or update the entire table. Choose the one you want and tab to the “OK” button. Press enter.
Removing a Table:
1. Press ALT/S to open the references tab.
2. You should be on the table of contents option. Press enter.
3. Press up arrow until you find the remove a table option. Press enter.
Excel commands:
Auto sum, use Alt plus equals
Go to cell, use F5
to start a formula, use equals
Select the entire column, use control plus space bar
Select the entire row, use shift plus space bar
use standard window selecting keystrokes to select specific cells
move to edge of data regions, use control and arrow keys
Switch sheets, use control and page up or down
Move left or right one screen, use Alt plus Page down or up
to move to the end of any row or column
use the end key then the arrow key in the desired direction
selecting text, use combinations of control and shift with arrows, home and end
Insert the date, use control plus semicolon
Insert the time, use Control plus shift plus semicolon
Creating a checkbook registry
Instructions
1. Open up an Excel worksheet.
2. Press Insert plus the tab key to ensure focus is in cell A1 of sheet 1.
3. Type “Name” as the title for column A and press tab.
4. Type “Date” as the title for column B and press tab.
5. Type “Check #” as the title for column C and press tab.
6. Type “Withdrawals” as the title for column D and press tab.
7. Type “Deposits” as the title for column E and press tab.
8. Type “Totals” as the title for column F and press tab.
9. Type “Beginning Balance In cell G1 and press tab.
10. Enter the amount of your beginning balance in cell H1. Then down arrow once, and press the left arrow key twice. Press Insert/Tab to ensure that you are in cell F2.
11. In cell F2 we will create a formula. The first thing you must do when creating a formula is to place the equal character at the beginning of the formula. This tells Excel that a formula, not text, is being placed in the cell. Type the following formula:
=sum (+H1-d2+e2)
You can copy the formula above and paste it in cell F2 of the Excel worksheet to make it easier.
Note: If you are not familiar with how to do this, first select the formula by placing focus at the beginning of the formula. Then press the Shift/End keys. This will select the formula. Then press CTRL C to copy the formula. Go to Cell F2 and press CTRL V to paste the formula into cell F2.
12. Make sure focus is on cell F2, Copy the formula, and down arrow one time. Paste the formula in cell F3. Now you will have to make an adjustment to the formula. Press Function key 2 to activate the Edit mode. Use your arrow keys to move toH1 in the formula. Remove the cell reference H1 and replace it with F2. Now the formula should read as follows:
=sum(+F2-d2+e2)
13. Copy the formula in cell F3 with CTRL C. Select cells F4 through F30 by holding down the Shift key and down arrow to cell F30. Paste the formula into the selected cells with CTRL V.
14. Now you can move to A2 and enter your first transaction. Tab across the columns as you add the data. Once it is entered, press the home key to move back to column A. Press Insert/Down arrow to hear the transaction data read.
Note: When entering either the amount for a withdrawal, or an amount for a deposit, be sure to not place both on the same row. It does not affect the worksheet, but it is confusing for the reader.
15. Next, create a Title Region so that as you navigate the check register, the column headers will be announced. Open the Formula tab by pressing either Access keys (ALT M plus M plus D), or open the formula Tab and move to the Define Name group drop down button and press enter. Focus will be placed on the Define name button. Press enter and you will be placed in an edit box. It is very important to type the following without any spaces. You will type the name, region reference points, and the sheet number separated by periods. For example,
TitleRegion1.A1.F30.1
Once you enter this name, press enter. Now as you move within the region, each cell will be announced with the referenced cell and the column header name. If your region also contained Row headers, they would be included in the naming setup. Note: If you want to delete the title region and create a new one so that you can expand the check register, do this. Open the formula tab and move to the Name Manager Button. Press enter and you will be placed in a list view. Select the name you wish to delete and press the Delete key. You will be asked if you are sure you want to delete the name. Press enter.
Outlook:
Switch to Inbox, CTRL+SHIFT+I
Switch to Outbox, CTRL+SHIFT+O
Create new message, CTRL+N (from within Mail) or CTRL+SHIFT+M (from within any view in Outlook)
Open, CTRL+O
Reply to message, CTRL+R
Reply to all, CTRL+SHIFT+R
Send, ALT+S
Forward, CTRL+F
Check for new messages, F9 or CTRL+M
Find text in a message, F4
Find next instance of text in message, SHIFT+F4
Adding a new contact
Hotkey: Control + shift + C
Located in the file menu under the new sub menu
Type in full name
Tab to e-mail field, type in e-mail
Press escape and say yes to saving changes
Adding an address from an open e-mail
Shift tab to the from field
Press the home key to put your cursor at the beginning of the edit field
Press your Application key and arrow down to:
Add to outlook contacts and press enter
Make sure of the name
Press escape and say yes to the save question.
Creating folders
Press Control + shift + E
Type in name
Tab until you hear Tree view
If you want your folder at the first level
Press the home key to move to the top of the tree
If you select a different folder in the tree the new folder will be a sub folder
Tab to O.K. and press enter
Moving messages
Use your arrow keys to move to and highlight the message
To select several in order
Hold down the shift key and arrow down the list
To select several not in order
Hold down the control key, arrow through the list pressing the space bar on the ones you want to highlight
Note: Be sure to keep the control key held down
Next you can let go of the control key and
Press Control + shift + V
Press the first letter of the folder you want, when Jaws speaks the name press enter and the messages are moved to the folder
Hotkeys
Move to a folder:
Control + Y
To move a message to a folder:
Press Control + shift + V
To create a new folder:
Press Control + shift + E
Note: Outlook will work best with Jaws if you turn off full screen mode
You will find this option in Word
Press Alt + F then the letter I to move to options
Tab to the check box that says:
Open e-mail attachments in full screen reading mode and make sure it’s not checked.
tab to O.K. and press enter
Selecting text:
SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW = One character to the right
SHIFT+LEFT ARROW = One character to the left
CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW = To the end of a word
CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW = To the beginning of a word
SHIFT+END = To the end of a line
SHIFT+HOME = To the beginning of a line
SHIFT+DOWN ARROW = One line down
SHIFT+UP ARROW = One line up
CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW = To the end of a paragraph
CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW = To the beginning of a paragraph
SHIFT+PAGE DOWN = One screen down
SHIFT+PAGE UP = One screen up
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME = To the beginning of a document
CTRL+SHIFT+END = To the end of a document
ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN = To the end of a window
CTRL+A = To include the entire document
Specific to Word.
CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then use the arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode = To a vertical block of text
F8+arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode = To a specific location in a document
=
Definition list of 5 items nesting level 1
F8 = Turn extend mode on
F8, and then press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW = Select the nearest character
F8 (press once to select a word, twice to select a sentence, and so forth) = Increase the size of a selection
SHIFT+F8 = Reduce the size of a selection
ESC = Turn extend mode off
Jaws basic keyboard commands:
Basic JAWS Screen Reading Keys
Reading of the screen is done by pressing keys on the numeric keypad (NUM PAD), sometimes in combination with other keys on the keyboard. When JAWS is loaded,
the NUM LOCK is turned off, so that these keys represent movement keys, such as left arrow, right arrow, page up, and so on.
Read by Character
To begin reading with JAWS, put your middle three fingers on the numeric keypad, with your middle finger on the number 5, the one with the raised bump.
Your pointer finger should be resting on the left arrow (NUM PAD 4) and your ring finger on the right arrow (NUM PAD 6).
list of 3 items
• Press the NUM PAD 5 to speak the current character.
• Press the RIGHT ARROW to move and read the next character.
• Press the LEFT ARROW to move and read the prior character.
list end
Read by Word
To read by words, tuck your thumb under and press down the Insert key (NUM PAD 0) while pressing any of the three keys above.
list of 3 items
• Press INSERT+NUM PAD 5 to speak the current word at the cursor.
• Press INSERT+NUM PAD RIGHT ARROW to move to and speak the next word.
• Press INSERT+NUM PAD LEFT ARROW to move to and speak the prior word.
list end
Read by Line
Press UP ARROW to move to and read the previous line, DOWN ARROW to move to and speak the next line, and INSERT+UP ARROW to read the current line. To read
an entire document with one keystroke, press INSERT+DOWN ARROW. This last keystroke is called the “Say All” command, and is used frequently with JAWS.
Read Sentences
To move to and read the previous sentence, press ALT+UP ARROW. To move to and read the next sentence press ALT+DOWN ARROW. To read the current sentence,
press ALT+NUM PAD 5.
Read Paragraphs
To move to and read the prior paragraph, press CTRL+UP ARROW. To move to and read the next paragraph press CTRL+DOWN ARROW. To read the current paragraph
press CTRL+NUM PAD 5.
There are many other keystrokes used for reading with JAWS, but these are the basic ones most people use.
Jaws laptop keyboard layout:
Reading with Laptop Keyboard Layout
Say Character CAPSLOCK+COMMA
Say Word CAPSLOCK+K
Spell Word CAPSLOCK+K twice
Spell Word Phonetically CAPSLOCK+K three times
Move by word: Caps lock + L
Say Line CAPSLOCK+UP ARROW or CAPSLOCK+I
Say Sentence CAPSLOCK+H
Say Paragraph CAPSLOCK+CTRL+I
Read Status Bar CAPSLOCK+SHIFT+N
Say Window Title CAPSLOCK+T
Say All CAPSLOCK+DOWN ARROW, CAPSLOCK+A
Fast Forward/Rewind (during Say All LEFT/RIGHT ARROW or LEFT SHIFT/RIGHT SHIFT
Silence Speech CTRL
Say Next Line DOWN ARROW or CAPSLOCK+O
Say Prior Line UP ARROW or CAPSLOCK+U
Say Next Sentence ALT+DOWN ARROW
Say Prior Sentence ALT+UP ARROW or CAPSLOCK+Y
Say Next Paragraph CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Say Prior Paragraph CTRL+UP ARROW or CAPSLOCK+CTRL+U
Next Page CTRL+PAGE DOWN
Prior Page CTRL+PAGE UP
Page Down PAGE DOWN
Page Up PAGE UP
End of File CTRL+END
Top of File CTRL+HOME
PC cursor: Caps lock +Semi colon
Jaws cursor: Caps lock + P
Route Jaws to PC: Caps lock + left bracket
Left mouse click: Caps lock + 8
Right mouse click: Caps lock + 9
ZoomText 9.1
Alt+ num pad Plus:
Increases magnification.
Alt + num pad Minus:
Decreases magnification.
Alt + Delete:
Disables ZoomText.
Alt + Insert:
Enables ZoomText.
Alt + Insert:
If ZoomText is disabled Alt + Insert will enable ZoomText if ZoomText is already enabled it will bring focus to the ZoomText user interface.
Control + Shift + P:
This key is a toggle, it enables and disables mouse enhancements.
Control + Shift + R:
This key is a toggle, it will disable and enable cursor enhancements.
View locator:
Control + shift + V
Web finder, while in Internet Explorer you can activate the Web finder and type in the first few letters of what you are looking for on the page and if there is a link with that name it will appear in the Web finder window then you can press enter or left click to open the link.
Alt + Pause:
Bypass key.
Example:
In word you can press:
Control + Shift + P to activate the point size edit field.
When ZoomText is running that key stroke will turn on and off pointer enhancements, so if you want the point size hot key to work:
Press Alt + pause then press Control + Shift + P and point size will be activated rather than pointer enhancement.
ZoomText 9.1 Speech features:
Alt + Control + I:
Speaks the time.
Alt + Control + Y:
Speaks the date.
Alt + Shift + A:
Activates Application reader.
While in Application reader:
Pressing the Enter key will stop and start speech.
Escape or right mouse click:
Turns off the Application reader.
Control + shift + D:
Doc reader
Control + shift + I:
Speak-it tool
Alt + Shift + S:
Turns speech on and off.
Control + num pad Plus:
Increases speech rate.
Control + num pad minus:
Decreases speech rate.
G-Mail and Outlook 2010
1. In Outlook 2010, click the File tab on the Ribbon. In the “File” menu that appears, click Info to display the “Account Information” screen shown below.
2. Click Add Account to open the “Add New Account” page of the “Auto Account Setup” wizard.
The Finder:
Finder is the Mac’s file browser. With it, you can look at files and folders on internal, external, and network drives; copy, cut, and paste items; tag files for easier locating later; search for files; and more. The problem is that, particularly for those transitioning to the Mac from Windows, Finder is a confusing mess that makes you scared to even go looking for a file. I understand that, because I was there too. Hopefully, in writing down what I’ve learned over the years, I can save you a lot of time and frustration, and let you get on with your Mac much better.
For Windows Users
If you are switching from Windows to Mac, there are a few things you should know about the Finder.
First, try very hard to get used to pressing command-o to open things. Pressing enter will prompt you to rename them, not open them. If you do accidentally press enter, simply press escape to cancel.
Just like in Windows, you can bring up a context menu for any file or folder. Use control-option-shift-m, not shift-f10 or the applications key, but the end result is the same.
As you will see later, there is very little interacting, VO-arrowing, or other special commands. For the most part, Finder is as simple as opening a folder, using up and down arrows to browse it, and opening the file you want, similar to Windows. Give it a chance, use the tips provided in this article, and eventually finder will stop being horrible to fight with and will instead be just another app you use without thinking about it.
View Setting
The first thing you need to understand is that Finder offers four possible ways in which to view your files and folders. Each has its good points, but the major advantages to these different views are visual. VoiceOver users are best served by picking a view and sticking with it, only using the others where necessary.
The two views that work best with VoiceOver are List View and Column View (command-2 and command-3, respectively). The main difference between them is that List View displays a list of the files and folders inside the parent folder only. Column View, on the other hand, displays a tree of all the items on the selected drive or location, letting you expand and collapse folders, but always showing every item. My personal favorite is List View, since it is limited to only the selected location and therefore offers less to deal with, but the best view for you is whichever you find you like more. For the rest of this guide, I will ignore the other two views, as they make little sense for VoiceOver users. If an experience closer to Windows Explorer is what you are after, stick to List View.
Copying and Pasting
This aspect of managing files and folders can be confusing at first, so I will explain how it works. When you paste an item in List View, it is put into the folder you have open at the time. If you paste in Column View, though, the item is put into the folder you are in only if you are pointing to another file. If you are pointing to (that is, focused on) a folder, your item will go into that folder instead of into the folder you have open. That is the other reason I prefer List View – pasting things is more straightforward and reliable, I find.
Let me illustrate this with an example. Say you have a file in your Downloads folder, and you want to copy and paste it into your Documents folder. The first step is easy: navigate to the file and press command-c. To paste it, you go to your documents folder and press command-v (or command-option-v to move, rather than copy, the file).
In List View, you open up the Documents folder by navigating to it and pressing command-down arrow. In Column View, though, you find the Documents folder, then paste right there, without opening it. At first this sounds great, and it is fine so long as you are aware of what is going on. List View is a cleaner interface, but Column View works just as well once you understand it.
Navigating
In List View, you open a folder or drive by pressing command-down arrow, and close with command-up arrow. In Column View, you expand a folder or drive with simply the right arrow, and collapse it with the left arrow, which you may need to press twice.
First letter navigation works as it does most anywhere in OS X. Namely, you can simply start typing the name of what you are looking for, and you will be moved there, if the item exists. The only confusing part of this is in Column View. When you expand a folder, that folder is expanded next time you view it, meaning that you can suddenly find yourself taken to an item within some random subfolder you had no idea was open. List View does not allow this, so you are always moving among only the items at your current level.
As you look through folders, you may think you have to interact with the list or table of files and folders, but you don’t. You can simply open up folders and use up and down arrows to navigate them, no need to focus on and/or interact with anything. The only time you ever need to interact with a file list is to perform non-contiguous selections, or to examine how a particular name is spelled. As in most tables in OS X, you can use option-up to jump to the first item in a list, and option-down to jump to the last item.
Folder Hotkeys
Finder includes several helpful shortcut keys to let you quickly jump to several folders on your mac. They are:
•Home: command-shift-h
•Downloads: command-option-l
•All files: command-shift-a
•Documents: command-shift-o
•Desktop: command-shift-d
•Computer (listing all connected drives): command-shift-c
•Airdrop: command-shift-r
•Network: command-shift-k
•Applications: command-shift-a
•Utilities: command-shift-u
Setting Your Default View
Now that you know how Column and List Views work, you may be wondering how you can set one or the other as your default. The process is not as straightforward as you might think, so before you run off to your Finder’s Preferences, keep reading.
Finder remembers the view you select for every folder you open. You can set a default view for all subfolders of a folder, or of a drive, and that is as far as Finder will let you take the setting of default views. To set this up:
1. Open Finder and navigate to the drive. I find the easiest way to do this is command-shift-c, then up or down arrow to the drive to which you want to assign a default view.
2. If you have not done so already, set the view you want to use by pressing command-2 or command-3.
3. Once you are focused on the drive, but have not yet opened or expanded it, press command-j.
4. In the “View Options” dialog that appears, choose to use whatever view is already in use as your default (it should be the first checkbox you find, called “open in [selected view]”). Set any other options you want, but the view is the main one for our purposes. Be sure to check the “Browse in [selected view]” box as well.
5. Go to the bottom of the window and hit the “Use as Defaults” button, then close the window.
That’s it, all folders on that drive should now always open in the view you just set. Be sure to follow the above steps for any drive you will be using – externals, network drives or shares, and so on. Note that you cannot currently set Airdrop to use any view other than Grid View.
Selecting
Selecting contiguous items is easy, just hold shift as you arrow. If you keep holding shift as you arrow in the opposite direction, you will de-select one item at a time, and pressing any arrow key by itself will de-select everything at once. Since you can use option-up or option-down to jump to the first or last item, you can add shift to either keystroke to select to the start or end.
Non-contiguous selections are more complex, but quite doable. Note that the below instructions are for OS10.9 Mavericks or above; if you are using an OS X version below 10.9, replace vo-command-enter with vo-command-space.
1. Interact with the list of files/folders.
2. Find the first item you want to select, and press vo-command-enter. Since moving to this item selected it, the keystroke you just pressed will actually de-select it; press vo-command-enter a second time to select it again.
3. Now vo-up or vo-down to the next item you want. Be careful not to use the arrows by themselves, or you will de-select everything.
4. Once you are on the second item, press vo-command-enter. For all items except that first one, you need only press vo-command-enter one time.
5. Once you have all the items you want, perform your action – delete, copy, whatever it is, it will apply to everything you just selected.
Dealing with External Drives
If you need to browse a thumb drive, external hard drive, memory card, or other detachable storage, here are a few hints.
Getting to your drive is as easy as command-shift-c. That will take you to a list of every internal and external drive connected to your Mac. This will use the view you have set on the drive on which OS X is installed (normally called Macintosh HD). Simply move to the drive you want to browse and open it in the usual way for the current view (command-down arrow or right arrow).
The first time you open any drive, it will appear in Icon View, which is Finder’s default. Remember that when you set a default view, you did so for one drive; since the Mac has not seen your removable drive before, it has no way of knowing which view you want to use. Simply press command-2 or command-3 once you open the drive, or use the procedure outlined in the section on setting a default view, to have the new drive use the view you want.
You may also wish to have all your drives shown on the desktop. If so, press command-comma to open Finder’s preferences, select the General button from the toolbar, and check all the items you want shown on the desktop. There are other preferences you may wish to change in here, such as the showing of file extensions (in the Advanced section).
To eject a drive, find it in the Computer window (command-shift-c) and press command-e. This ejects it, which you know was successful once the drive disappears from the list. VoiceOver will normally speak the name of the next drive in the list, or in some other way indicate that the drive is gone.
Miscellaneous Commands
Here are a few commands you will find helpful. They can mostly be found in the drop down menus (vo-m) of Finder, if you forget any or want to see what else is available.
•Delete item: command-delete
•Rename item: enter
•Open item: command-o
•Control-click item (open contextual menu): vo-shift-m
•copy: command-c
•paste copy: command-v
•Paste, erasing original (equivalent to Windows cut): command-option-v
•Go to path (you can type a folder path directly): command-shift-g *Open new Finder window: command-n
•Cycle between open windows: command-accent (same as most Mac apps)
Voiceover:
Action
Command
Turn VoiceOver on or off
Command-F5
Lock and unlock the VO (Control and Option) keys
VO-;
Open VoiceOver Utility
VO-F8
Start keyboard help
VO-K
Open the VoiceOver Help menu
VO-H
Open the VoiceOver Quick Start
VO-Command-F8
Open VoiceOver online help
VO-?
Read the help tag for the current item
VO-Shift-H
Read the VoiceOver hint for the current item
VO-Shift-N
Open the Commands menu
VO-H-H
Open the Find Commands menu
VO-Shift-F
Close a menu or rotor, stop an action, or exit a mode
Escape
Tell VoiceOver to ignore the next key or key combination you press
VO-Tab
Open the Verbosity rotor
VO-V
Then press the Left Arrow or Right Arrow key to choose the setting. Use the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys to change the level for the setting.
Increase magnification of the item in the VoiceOver cursor
VO-}
Decrease magnification of the item in the VoiceOver cursor
VO-{
Temporarily hide or show the VoiceOver cursor and the caption or braille panels
VO-Command-F11
Hide or show the caption panel only
VO-Command-F10
Resize or move the caption panel
VO-Shift-F10
Press again to cycle through these actions. Then use the arrow keys to resize the panel or move it. Press the Shift key with the arrow keys to move in smaller increments.
Hide or show the braille panel only
VO-Command-F9
Resize or move the braille panel
VO-Shift-F9
Press again to cycle through these actions. Then use the arrow keys to resize the panel or move it. Press the Shift key with the arrow keys to move in smaller increments.
Tile visuals (dim the screen, highlight the caption or braille panel, and show the item in the VoiceOver cursor in the center of the screen).
VO-F10
Press again to return to the normal view.
Enable or disable the NumPad Commander
VO-Clear
Enable or disable the Keyboard Commander
VO-Shift-K
Enable or disable the Trackpad Commander
Press the VO (Control and Option) keys and rotate two fingers clockwise (enable) or counterclockwise (disable)
Turn the screen curtain on or off
VO-Shift-F11
Cycle through speech settings in the rotor (rate, pitch, volume, intonation, voice)
VO-Command-Right Arrow or Left Arrow
Increase or decrease the current speech setting (rate, pitch, volume, intonation, voice)
VO-Command-Shift – Up Arrow or Down Arrow
PowerPoint and Jaws
Description Command
Switch panes in Normal view F6
Switch panes in Normal view in reverse order SHIFT+F6
Follow selected hyperlink CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER
View a list of hyperlinks in the current slide INSERT+F7
Next Object TAB
Prior Object SHIFT+TAB
Up a Level ESC
Prior Slide PAGE UP
Next Slide PAGE DOWN
Up one level in Save as or Open dialogs ALT+1
Back to previous folder in Save as or Open dialog boxes ALT+2
Reading
Description Command
Retreat Slide Show BACKSPACE
Read table column by column INSERT+SHIFT+C
Read table row by row INSERT+SHIFT+R
Read notes in Normal or Slide Show view CTRL+SHIFT+N
Information
Description Command
Say Font INSERT+F
Say object dimensions and location CTRL+SHIFT+D
Say PowerPoint version CTRL+INSERT+V
Say selected object INSERT+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW
Say shape animation information CTRL+SHIFT+A
Say slide information CTRL+SHIFT+S
Say status bar information INSERT+DELETE
Show a list of comments associated with the current slide CTRL+SHIFT+APOSTROPHE
Read spell check dialog INSERT+F7
Other
Description Command
Close Office Assistant CTRL+INSERT+F4
Note: The Office Assistant is not available in Microsoft Office 2007 or later.
Select an object on current slide CTRL+SHIFT+O
Toggle table reading method CTRL+SHIFT+T
PowerPoint 2010 Keyboard Commands
Text Formatting
To do this: Windows Keyboard:
Change Font CTRL+Shift+F, then use up/down arrow keys, click Enter when done
Change Point Size CTRL+Shift+P, then use up/down arrow keys, click Enter when done
Increase Font Size CTRL+Shift+>
Decrease Font Size CTRL+Shift+<
Bold CTRL+B
Underline CTRL+U
Italic CTRL+I
Superscript ALT+CTRL+Shift+>
Subscript ALT+CTRL+Shift+<
Plain Text CTRL+Shift+Z
Spelling Checker F7
Center Paragraph CTRL+E
Justified Paragraph CTRL+J
Left-Aligned Paragraph CTRL+L
Right-Aligned Paragraph CTRL+R
Change Case Shift+F3 toggles selection through lower case, upper case, initial caps with each press of keys
Create Hyperlink CTRL+K
Deleting and Copying
To Do This Windows Keyboard
Delete Character Left Backspace
Delete Word Left CTRL+Backspace
Delete Character Right Delete
Delete Word Right CTRL+Delete
Cut CTRL+X
Copy CTRL+C
Paste CTRL+V
Undo CTRL+Z
Create a copy of the text CTRL+Drag
Navigating in Text Blocks
To Do This Windows Command
Character Left Left Arrow
Character Right Right Arrow
Line Up Up Arrow
Line Down Down Arrow
Word Left CTRL+Left Arrow
Word Right CTRL+Right Arrow
End of Line END
Beginning of Line HOME
Paragraph Up CTRL+Up Arrow
Paragraph Down CTRL+Down Arrow
End of Text Block CTRL+END
Start of Text Block CTRL+HOME
Navigating and Working With Objects
To Do This Windows Command
To Previous Object TAB
To Next Object Shift+TAB
Select All Objects CTRL+A
Drag and Drop Copy CTRL+Select and Drag
Create a Duplicate Object CTRL+D
Create another Duplicate with same offset as first Duplicate CTRL+D, move new copy to desired location, then use CTRL+D repeatedly to create more copies
Outlining, in All Views
To Do This Windows Command
Promote Paragraph ALT+Shift+Left Arrow or TAB from beginning of Paragraph
Demote Paragraph ALT+Shift+Right Arrow or Shift+TAB from beginning of Paragraph
Move Selected Paragraphs Up ALT+Shift+Up Arrow
Move Selected Paragraphs Down ALT+Shift+Down Arrow
Outlining, in Outline View
To Do This Windows Command
Collapse to Titles ALT+Shift+1
Expand Text under a heading ALT+Shift+Plus
Collapse Text Under a Heading ALT+Shift+Minus
Show All Text and Headings ALT+Shift+A
Display Character Formatting Keypad / (numlock off)
Selecting, in Text
To Do This Windows Command
Character Right Shift+Right Arrow
Character Left Shift+Left Arrow
End of Word CTRL+Shift+Right Arrow
Beginning of Word CTRL+Shift+Left Arrow
Line Up Shift+Up Arrow
Line Down Shift+Down Arrow
Select All CTRL+A or F2
Select Any Text Drag with left mouse button depressed
Select Word Double-Click
Select Paragraph Triple-Click
Drag and Drop Select and Drag
Drag and Drop Copy CTRL+Select and Drag
Working with Slides and Presentation Files
To do This Windows Command
New Presentation CTRL+N
Open a Presentation CTRL+O, CTRL+F12
Save CTRL+S, F12
Save As F12
Print CTRL+P
Find CTRL+F
Replace CTRL+H
New Slide (menu) CTRL+M
New Slide like last one, no menu Shift+CTRL+M
Exit/Quit CTRL+Q or ALT F4
Move from Title to Text CTRL+Enter
Move from Body text to Title of Next Slide CTRL+Enter
Working with Presentation Windows
To Do This Windows Command
Go to Previous Window CTRL+Shift+F6
Go to Next Window CTRL+F6
Size Presentation Window Unmaximize ALT+F5
Maximize Application Window ALT+F10
Maximize Presentation Window CTRL+F10
Restore Presentation Window to Previous Size CTRL+F5
Put Presentation in its own Window CTRL+F5
Drawing & Formatting
To Do This Windows Command
Show/Hide Guides (toggle) CTRL+G
Switch from Normal View to Master View Shift+Click Slide View Button
Group CTRL+Shift+G
Ungroup CTRL+Shift+H
Regroup CTRL+Shift+J
Resize while Maintaining Proportions Shift+Resize
Resize from Center CTRL+Resize
Resize from Center while Maintaining Proportions CTRL+Shift+Resize
Rotate in 15 degree increments Shift+Rotate tool
Rotate from Corner CTRL+Rotate tool
Rotate in 15 degree increments from Corner Shift+CTRL+Rotate tool
Extend Line along same angle Shift+Resize
Make Straight Segment while Using Curve Tool CTRL+ALT+click (using curve tool)
Nudge object one grid unit Arrow Key
Nudge object one pixel CTRL+Arrow Key
Temporarily Release Grid/Guide Snap ALT
Create Multiple Guides CTRL+Drag Guide
Controlling Slides in Slide Show
To Do This Windows Command
Go to Slide ENTER
Black/Unblack Screen B or Period
White/Unwhite Screen W or Comma
Show/Hide Pointer A or =
End Show ESC, CTRL+Break, Minus, END
Erase Screen Annotations E
Advance to Hidden Slide H
Advance to Next Slide Mouse Click, Spacebar, N, Right Arrow, Down Arrow, Page Down
Return to Previous Slide Backspace, P, Left Arrow, Up Arrow, Page Up
Getting Help & Programming Tools
To Do This Windows Command
Help F1
Menu and Dialog Explanations Shift+F1
Right Mouse Click without Mouse Shift+F10
Bring up Visual Basic Editor ALT+F11
Macro Recorder ALT+F8
/PowerPoint and Jaws:
3. Set the “Manually configure server settings or additional server types” checkbox and click “Next” to go to the Choose Service screen.
4. Select “Internet E-mail,” then click “Next” to go to the Internet E-mail Settings screen.
5. Enter your name and your full Gmail e-mail address, including the ‘@gmail.com.’
6. For Account Type, select IMAP.
7. In the Incoming mail server field, enter imap.gmail.com, and in the Outgoing mail server field, enter smtp.gmail.com.
8. In the Logon Information section, enter your Gmail user name and password.
9. Set the Remember password checkbox so Outlook can work with your Gmail account without requiring you to enter your logon information constantly.
10. Click the More Settings button. This opens the “Internet E-mail Settings” dialog box.
11. On the “Advanced” tabbed page, set the Incoming server (IMAP) to 993.
12. For the Use the following type of encrypted connection option, select SSL.
13. Set the Outgoing server (SMTP) to 587.
14. For the Use the following type of encrypted connection option, select TLS.
15. Click OK to close the “Internet E-mail Settings” dialog box.
16. Click Next, then Finish, then Close to complete the process.
Exporting contacts
Open Gmail
Change to standard view.
Down arrow until you hear a drop down menu called “Gmail button menu collapsed. Left click on this button.
Down arrow to the Contacts menu. Left click on this menu.
Down arrow to contacts menu and left click.
Move to the bottom of the screen and then arrow up until you hear a button called “More.” It is right above the settings button. Left on the button.
Use your arrow keys to find the “Export” menu and left click on the button.
Find the radio button that says out look in click on it. You will be placed on the export button. Hold down the CTRL key and click on the button.
You will be prompted to save the contacts list. Tab to save and press enter.